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From the * Institute of Sport Science, Italian National Olympic Committee, Rome, Italy, the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Rome "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy, the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, the || Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli," University of Rome "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy, and the # Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Keele University School of Medicine, Stoke on Trent, England
¶ Address correspondence to Nicola Maffulli, MD, MS, PhD, FRCS(Orth), Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Keele University School of Medicine, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke on Trent ST4 7QB, Staffs, England (e-mail: n.maffulli{at}keele.ac.uk).
Background: Hyperthermia has been introduced as a physical therapy modality for soft tissue injuries.
Hypothesis: The authors tested the null hypothesis that there are no short-term differences after the use of hyperthermia, ultrasound, and exercises for tendinopathy of the supraspinatus tendon.
Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.
Methods: The authors studied 37 athletes (29 men, 8 women; mean age, 26.7 ± 5.8 years; range, 19–43 years) with supraspinatus tendinopathy who had had symptoms between 3 and 6 months. Subjects were randomly assigned to 3 groups. Group A (n = 14) received hyperthermia at 434 MHz. Group B (n = 12) received continuous ultrasound at 1 MHz at an intensity of 2.0 w/cm2 3 times a week. Group C (n = 11) undertook exercises, consisting of pendular swinging and stretching exercises 5 minutes twice a day every day. All interventions were undertaken for 4 weeks. Subjects were evaluated at baseline, immediately on completion of treatment, and at 6 weeks after the end of the intervention using mean pain score for pain at night, during movement, and at rest on a visual analog scale; pain on resisted movement and painful arc on active abduction between 40° and 120° on a 4-point scale; and Constant score.
Results: Patients who received hyperthermia experienced significantly better pain relief than did patients receiving ultrasound or exercises: group A, 5.96 to 1.2 (P = .03); group B, 6.3 to 5.15 (P = .10); group C, 6.1 to 4.9 (P = .09).
Conclusion: Hyperthermia at 434 MHz appears safe and effective in the short term for the management of supraspinatus tendinopathy.
Key Words: hyperthermia • ultrasound • microwave diathermy • rotator cuff • tendinopathy
This article has been cited by other articles:
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  N. Maffulli and U. G. Longo Conservative management for tendinopathy: is there enough scientific evidence? Rheumatology, April 1, 2008; 47(4): 390 - 391. [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A. Giombini, V. Giovannini, A. D. Cesare, P. Pacetti, N. Ichinoseki-Sekine, M. Shiraishi, H. Naito, and N. Maffulli Hyperthermia induced by microwave diathermy in the management of muscle and tendon injuries Br. Med. Bull., September 1, 2007; 83(1): 379 - 396. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 N. Ichinoseki-Sekine, H. Naito, N. Saga, Y. Ogura, M. Shiraishi, A. Giombini, V. Giovannini, and S. Katamoto Changes in muscle temperature induced by 434 MHz microwave hyperthermia Br. J. Sports Med., July 1, 2007; 41(7): 425 - 429. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 Other articles noted Evid. Based Med., December 1, 2006; 11(6): 191 - 192. [Full Text] [PDF]
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