HOME HELP CONTACT US SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 33/8/1188    most recent 0363546504272687v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (2) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Kim, S.-H. Articles by Shin, S.-K. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Kim, S.-H. Articles by Shin, S.-K. Related Collections Shoulder

The Kim Test

A Novel Test for Posteroinferior Labral Lesion of the Shoulder—A Comparison to the Jerk Test

From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Madi Hospital and Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea

^* Address correspondence to Seung-Ho Kim, MD, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Madi Hospital, 192-5 Nonhyeon-dong, Gangnamgu, Seoul 135-010, Korea (e-mail: smcknot{at}hotmail.com).

Background: Detection of a posteroinferior labral lesion by physical examination is often difficult.

Purpose: To introduce a novel diagnostic test for detecting a posteroinferior labral lesion of the shoulder.

Hypothesis: The Kim test can detect a posteroinferior labral lesion of the shoulder.

Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 1.

Methods: In 172 painful shoulders, the Kim test was compared with the jerk test and was verified by arthroscopic examination. A sudden onset of posterior shoulder pain and click with or without clunk indicated a positive test result.

Results: Thirty-three shoulders had a positive Kim test result, in which 24 had a posteroinferior labral lesion and 9 had a normal posteroinferior labrum. Of 139 shoulders with a negative Kim test result, 6 had a posteroinferior labral tear and 133 had a normal posteroinferior labrum. The sensitivity of the Kim test was 80%, specificity was 94%, positive predictive value was 0.73, and negative predictive value was 0.96. The interexaminer reliability between 2 examiners was 0.91. The accuracy of the jerk test in detecting a posteroinferior labral lesion was the following: sensitivity, 73%; specificity, 98%; positive predictive value, 0.88; and negative predictive value, 0.95. The location of the posterior labral lesion was predominantly posterior in 19 shoulders and predominantly inferior in 11 shoulders. The Kim test was more sensitive in detecting a predominantly inferior labral lesion, whereas the jerk test was more sensitive in detecting a predominantly posterior labral lesion. The sensitivity in detecting a posteroinferior labral lesion increased to 97% when the 2 tests were combined.

Conclusion: The Kim test is a reliable diagnostic test for detection of a posteroinferior labral lesion.

Key Words: Kim test • jerk test • labrum • diagnosis • multidirectional instability • shoulder

This article has been cited by other articles:

				C. A. Radkowski, A. Chhabra, C. L. Baker III, S. G. Tejwani, and J. P. Bradley Arthroscopic Capsulolabral Repair for Posterior Shoulder Instability in Throwing Athletes Compared With Nonthrowing Athletes Am. J. Sports Med., April 1, 2008; 36(4): 693 - 699. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E J Hegedus, A Goode, S Campbell, A Morin, M Tamaddoni, C T Moorman III, and C Cook Physical examination tests of the shoulder: a systematic review with meta-analysis of individual tests Br. J. Sports Med., February 1, 2008; 42(2): 80 - 92. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. M. Faustin, G. El Rassi, C. E. Toulson, S.-K. Lin, and E. G. McFarland Isolated Posterior Labrum Tear in a Golfer: A Case Report Am. J. Sports Med., February 1, 2007; 35(2): 312 - 315. [Full Text] [PDF]