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The American Journal of Sports Medicine 32:1063-1076 (2004)
© 2004 American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine

Clinical Sports Medicine Update

Nerve Injury About the Shoulder in Athletes, Part 2

Long Thoracic Nerve, Spinal Accessory Nerve, Burners/Stingers, Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Marc R. Safran, MD*

From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California

* Address correspondence to Marc R. Safran, MD, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 500 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0728, San Francisco, CA 94143-0728 (e-mail: safranm{at}orthosurg.ucsf.edu).

Nerve injuries about the shoulder in athletes are being recognized with increasing frequency. Prompt and correct diagnosis of these injuries is important to treat the patient and to understand the potential complications and natural history, so as to counsel our athletes appropriately. This 2-part article is a review and an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding some of the more common nerve injuries seen about the shoulder in athletes, including long thoracic nerve, spinal accessory nerve, burners and stingers, and thoracic outlet syndrome. Each of these clinical entities will be discussed independently, reviewing the anatomy, mechanism of injury, patient presentation (history and examination), the role of additional diagnostic studies, differential diagnosis, and management.

Key Words: nerve • long thoracic nerve • spinal accessory nerve • burner • stinger • thoracic outlet syndrome • winging • scapular winging • trapezius palsy • serratus anterior palsy






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Copyright © 2004 by the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine.