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From the * Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, University of Sport & Physical Education, Oslo, Norway, the Department of Physiology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, and the Gaski Physiotherapy Clinic, Reykjavik, Iceland
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Roald Bahr, MD PhD, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian University of Sport and Physical Education, P.O. Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway.
Background: The injury risk in football is high, but little is known about causes of injury.
Purpose: To identify risk factors for football injuries using a multivariate model.
Study Design: Prospective cohort study.
Methods: Participants were 306 male football players from the two highest divisions in Iceland. Before the 1999 football season started, the following factors were examined: height, weight, body composition, flexibility, leg extension power, jump height, peak O2 uptake, joint stability, and history of previous injury. Injuries and player exposure were recorded throughout the competitive season.
Results: Older players were at higher risk of injury in general (odds ratio [OR] = 1.1 per year, P = 0.05). For hamstring strains, the significant risk factors were age (OR = 1.4 [1 year], P < 0.001) and previous hamstring strains (OR = 11.6, P <0.001). For groin strains, the predictor risk factors were previous groin strains (OR = 7.3, P = 0.001) and decreased range of motion in hip abduction (OR = 0.9 [1°], P = 0.05). Previous injury was also identified as a risk factor for knee (OR = 4.6) and ankle sprains (OR = 5.3).
Conclusions: Age and previous injury were identified as the main risk factors for injury among elite football players from Iceland.
Key Words: football • injuries • injury types • risk factors
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