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Posterior Instability of the Shoulder with Secondary Impingement in Elite Golfers

W. David Hovis, MD^*, Mark T. Dean, MD, William J. Mallon, MD and Richard J. Hawkins, MD^,||

^* Hovis Orthopaedic Clinic, Knoxville, Tennessee
Hilton Head Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Center, Hilton Head, South Carolina
Triangle Orthopaedic Associates, Durham, North Carolina
Steadman Hawkins Sports Medicine Foundation, Vail, Colorado

|| Address correspondence and reprint requests to Richard J. Hawkins, MD, Steadman-Hawkins Sports Medicine Foundation, 181 West Meadow Drive, Suite 1000, Vail, CO 81657

Background: Shoulder injuries in golf are related to the biomechanics of the golf swing and typically occur in the lead arm at the top of the back swing.

Purpose: We report a newly recognized entity in a series of elite golfers: posterior glenohumeral instability associated with subacromial impingement.

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Methods: Eight elite golfers were treated between March 1991 and July 1998 for pain occurring in the nondominant, lead shoulder at the top of the back swing. Posterior instability was diagnosed in all eight patients; six of the eight also demonstrated signs of subacromial impingement. Initial treatment consisted of rehabilitation. For patients in whom rehabilitation failed, surgery was performed.

Results: Two patients improved with nonoperative treatment and returned to play immediately. Six patients underwent shoulder arthroscopy with posterior thermal capsulorrhaphy. Four of the six also underwent arthroscopic subacromial decompression. The six surgically treated patients returned to play at an average 4 months after surgery. At an average 4.5 years of follow-up, all eight patients were playing at their previous level of competitive play. One patient had complications that led to the need for subsequent arthroscopic subacromial decompression; she eventually returned to competitive play.

Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware of posterior shoulder instability and the associated secondary diagnosis of rotator cuff impingement as a possible cause of shoulder pain in elite golfers.

This article has been cited by other articles:

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				C. M. Robinson and J. Aderinto Recurrent Posterior Shoulder Instability J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., April 1, 2005; 87(4): 883 - 892. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]