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Age-Related Changes in Normal Isometric Shoulder Strength

Biomechanics Laboratory, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota

* Address correspondence and reprint requests to Kai-Nan An, PhD, Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory, 128 Guggenheim, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905

Normative data are useful for assessing isometric shoulder strength in patients with bilateral shoulder abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to develop a normative database for shoulder strength in the clinically relevant positions and movements. Twenty combinations of exertions and postures—including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation—were tested for both the dominant and nondominant sides. Strength was measured isometrically using a modified Cybex II dynamometer. The cross-sectional study design included 120 subjects (60 women and 60 men) ranging in age from 20 to 78 years from southern Minnesota. Tables of normative strength data were constructed. Multivariate analyses were performed to assess the effect of age, sex, and weight on strength. Age was negatively associated with all strength measures, and weight was positively associated with them. Men were stronger than women when controlling for age and weight. Statistically significant differences between dominant and nondominant shoulders were found for only some of the strength measures taken. These normal data will be useful to the clinician, as they permit a standard against which to compare shoulder strength.

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