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The American Journal of Sports Medicine 24:211-217 (1996)
© 1996 SAGE Publications

The Incidence and Distribution of Stress Fractures in Competitive Track and Field Athletes

A Twelve-Month Prospective Study

Kim L. Bennell, PhD

Faculty of Health Sciences, Schools of Human Biosciences and Behavioural Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia

Susan A. Malcolm, PhD

Faculty of Health Sciences, Schools of Human Biosciences and Behavioural Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia

Shane A. Thomas, PhD

Faculty of Health Sciences, Schools of Human Biosciences and Behavioural Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia

John D. Wark, MB, PhD

University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Bone and Mineral Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital

Peter D. Brukner, MB

Olympic Park Sports Medicine Centre, Melbourne, Australia

The incidence and distribution of stress fractures were evaluated prospectively over 12 months in 53 female and 58 male competitive track and field athletes (age range, 17 to 26 years). Twenty athletes sustained 26 stress fractures for an overall incidence rate of 21.1%. The incidence was 0.70 for the number of stress frac tures per 1000 hours of training. No differences were observed between male and female rates (P > 0.05). Twenty-six stress fractures composed 20% of the 130 musculoskeletal injuries sustained during the study. Although there was no difference in stress fracture incidence among athletes competing in different events (P > 0.05), sprints, hurdles, and jumps were associated with a significantly greater number of foot fractures; middle- and long-distance running were as sociated with a greater number of long bone and pelvic fractures (P < 0.05). Overall, the most common sites of bone injuries were the tibia with 12 injuries (46%), followed by the navicular with 4 injuries (15%), and the fibula with 3 injuries (12%). The high incidence of stress fractures in our study suggests that risk factors in track and field athletes should be identified.




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