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Electromyographic and Cinematographic Analysis of Elbow Function in Tennis Players with Lateral Epicondylitis

Centinela Hospital Medical Center, Biomechanics Laboratory, Inglewood, California

Stephen J. Lombardo, MD

Centinela Hospital Medical Center, Biomechanics Laboratory, Inglewood, California

Marilyn Pink, MS, PT

Centinela Hospital Medical Center, Biomechanics Laboratory, Inglewood, California

Jacquelin Perry, MD

Centinela Hospital Medical Center, Biomechanics Laboratory, Inglewood, California

Charles E. Giangarra, MD

Centinela Hospital Medical Center, Biomechanics Laboratory, Inglewood, California

Lateral epicondylitis occurs frequently in tennis players and appears to be caused by tears in the extensor apo neurosis. The purpose of this study was to compare the electromyographic activities of 5 muscles in players with lateral epicondylitis with those of injury-free players dur ing the single-handed backhand tennis stroke. Fine- wire electrodes were placed into the extensor digitorum communis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, pronator teres, and flexor carpi radialis muscles in com petitive tennis players; 8 players had lateral epicondy litis and 14 had normal upper extremities. The backhand stroke then was recorded on high-speed film and syn chronized with the electromyographic signal. The in jured players had significantly greater activity for the wrist extensors and pronator teres muscles during ball impact and early follow-through. This activity increase may have been caused by the abnormal mechanics evi dent on film, including a "leading elbow," wrist extension and an open racquet face near the time of ball impact, and ball contact in the lower half of the strings. These mechanics not only result in a lower level of play but also leave the wrist extensors and the pronator teres muscles vulnerable to injury. This is the first study that documents increased activity in muscles that have been previously injured.

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