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EMG analysis of the scapular muscles during a shoulder rehabilitation program

Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas

Frank W. Jobe, MD

Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic, Inglewood, California

Marilyn Pink, MS, PT

Centinela Hospital Medical Center, Biomechanics Laboratory, Inglewood, California

Jacquelin Perry, MD

Centinela Hospital Medical Center, Biomechanics Laboratory, Inglewood, California

James Tibone, MD

Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic, Inglewood, California

The purpose of this study was to determine which exercises most effectively use the scapular muscles. Eight muscles in 9 healthy subjects were studied with indwelling electromyographic electrodes and cinema tography while performing 16 exercises. The 8 muscles studied were the upper, middle, and lower trapezius; levator scapula; rhomboids; pectoralis minor; and the middle and lower serratus anterior. Each exercise was divided into arcs of motion and the electromyographic activity was quantified as a percentage of the maximal manual muscle test. The optimal exercises for each muscle were identified based on intensity (greater than 50% maximal manual muscle test) and duration (over at least 3 consecutive arcs of motion) of the muscle activity. Twelve of the exercises qualified as top exer cises for all of the muscles. On further analysis, a group of 4 exercises was shown to make up the core of a scapular muscle strengthening program. Those 4 ex ercises include scaption (scapular plane elevation), row ing, push-up with a plus, and press-up.

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