HOME HELP CONTACT US SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.

This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Wiktorsson-Moller, M. Articles by Gillquist, J. Search for Related Content PubMed Articles by Wiktorsson-Moller, M. Articles by Gillquist, J.

Effects of warming up, massage, and stretching on range of motion and muscle strength in the lower extremity

Department of Physiotherapy

Birgitta Öberg, RPT

Department of Physiotherapy

Jan Ekstrand, MD

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital, Linkoping, Sweden

Jan Gillquist, MD

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital, Linkoping, Sweden

The effects of general warming up, massage, and stretching on ranges of motion (ROM) and strength of quadriceps and hamstring muscles were measured in eight male volunteers. Thigh muscle strength was not influenced by the experimental procedures. Stretching resulted in a significantly increased range of hip flexion/ extension, hip abduction, knee flexion, and ankle dor siflexion; the effect was significantly greater than that obtained by massage and warming up separately or combined. Only ankle dorsiflexion was influenced by massage or warming up, whereas stretching affected all muscle groups tested. Stretching was, therefore, superior to the other methods tested for increasing flexibility in the lower extremity.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				A M Hunter, J M Watt, V Watt, and S D R Galloway Effect of lower limb massage on electromyography and force production of the knee extensors Br. J. Sports Med., February 1, 2006; 40(2): 114 - 118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A Barlow, R Clarke, N Johnson, B Seabourne, D Thomas, and J Gal Effect of massage of the hamstring muscle group on performance of the sit and reach test Br. J. Sports Med., June 1, 2004; 38(3): 349 - 351. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. P. Magnusson, P. Aagaard, B. Larsson, and M. Kjaer Passive energy absorption by human muscle-tendon unit is unaffected by increase in intramuscular temperature J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2000; 88(4): 1215 - 1220. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Hemmings, M. Smith, J. Graydon, and R. Dyson Effects of massage on physiological restoration, perceived recovery, and repeated sports performance Br. J. Sports Med., April 1, 2000; 34(2): 109 - 114. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. T. Obremsky, A. V. Seaber, B. M. Ribbeck, and W. E. Garrett JR Biomechanical and Histologic Assessment of a Controlled Muscle Strain Injury Treated with Piroxicam Am. J. Sports Med., July 1, 1994; 22(4): 558 - 561. [Abstract] [PDF]

				W. van Mechelen, H. Hlobil, H. C.G. Kemper, W. J. Voorn, and H. R. de Jongh Prevention of running injuries by warm-up, cool-down, and stretching exercises Am. J. Sports Med., September 1, 1993; 21(5): 711 - 719. [Abstract] [PDF]

				E. Toft, G. T. Espersen, S. Kalund, T. Sinkjaer, and B. C. Hornemann Passive tension of the ankle before and after stretching Am. J. Sports Med., July 1, 1989; 17(4): 489 - 494. [Abstract] [PDF]